The most important was price controls, imposed on most products and monitored by the Office of Price Administration. By 1944 nearly every employed person was paying federal income taxes (compared to 10% in 1940). Congress also enlarged the tax base by lowering the minimum income to pay taxes, and by reducing personal exemptions and deductions. However, Roosevelt did manage to impose this cap on executive pay in corporations with government contracts. Roosevelt tried unsuccessfully, by executive order 9250, to impose a 100% surtax on after-tax incomes over $25,000 (equal to roughly $422,788 today). However, both sides agreed on the need for high taxes (along with heavy borrowing) to pay for the war: top marginal tax rates ranged from 81–94% for the duration of the war, and the income level subject to the highest rate was lowered from $5,000,000 to $200,000. Roosevelt opposing a conservative coalition in Congress. Controls and taxes įederal tax policy was highly contentious during the war, with President Franklin D. Americans saved a high portion of their incomes, which led to renewed growth after the war. In industrial areas housing was in short supply as people doubled up and lived in cramped quarters. Production of most durable goods, like new housing, vacuum cleaners, and kitchen appliances, was banned until the war ended. Most families were allocated 3 US gallons (11 L 2.5 imp gal) of gasoline a week, which sharply curtailed driving for any purpose. Gasoline, meat, clothing, and footwear were tightly rationed.
The hours they had to work increased dramatically as the time for leisure activities declined sharply. Millions of students, retirees, housewives, and unemployed moved into the active labor force. This was achieved by tens of millions of workers moving from low to high productivity jobs in industrial centers. Every aspect of life from politics to personal savings changed when put on a wartime footing. The Hollywood film industry was important for propaganda. Peacetime conflicts concerning race and labor took on a special dimension because of the pressure for national unity. There was a general feeling of agreement that the sacrifices were for the national good during the war. The United States home front during World War II supported the war effort in many ways, including a wide range of volunteer efforts and submitting to government-managed rationing and price controls.
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